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South Africa

Dynamics of water use in South Africa by estimates of SHI (1998)


 



 

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln *
15.9
22.5
28.6
37.9
41.6
46.6
56.5
75.8
Irrigation area, th.ha **
   
1064
1128
 
1130
1150
1200
Irrigation area, th.ha ***
808
1000
1128
1290
1270
     
GNP, $US per capita ****
 
 2779
3011
2691
       
Water withdrawal, km 3
7.41
9.17
12.0
13.3
13.9
14.5
16.0
18.6
Water consumption, km 3
4.2
5.2
7.1
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.8
9.3
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF


Water use of the South Africa (km 3 /year) by data of different authors


 



 

author
 
year
1970
1980
1990
2025 1)
2025 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
   
15.3
   
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
9.2
       
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
   
13.3
   
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
   
20.8
39.9
29.8
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
   
15.5
   
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
9.2
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
   
13.3
   
Bekker
withdrawal
1983
9.17
12.0
     
IrAf
withdrawal
1995
   
13.3
   

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Bekker -. Water use in South Africa & estimated future needs. Bekker A.P., 1983. The civil.engin. in South Afr. Vol.24., n12.

IrAf – Irrigation in Africa in figures, 1995. Extract from report 7. Rome: FAO.