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Tunisia

Dynamics of water use in Tunisia by estimates of SHI (1998)

  
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln *
4.23
5.13
6.39
8.06
8.88
9.64
11.1
13.8
Irrigation area, th.ha **
90
90
156
280
 
410
490
560
Irrigation area, th.ha ***
100
200
243
300
352
      
GNP, $US per capita ****
 
759
1344
1525
       
Water withdrawal, km 3
0.84
1.01
1.89
3.08
3.11
3.14
3.20
3.50
Water consumption, km 3
0.62
0.66
1.28
2.17
2.59
2.63
2.65
2.89
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of Tunisia (km 3 /year) by data of different authors

author
 
year
1970
1975
1977
1980
1985
1990
2000 1)
2000 2)
2025 1)
2025 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
         
2.61
       
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
       
2.30
         
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
         
3.1
       
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
         
3.09
   
5.4
4.2
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
         
2.56
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
       
2.30
         
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
         
3.08
       
Margat
withdrawal
1990
       
2.3
 
2.4
3.0
2.8
3.6
Margat
consumption
1990
           
1.3
1.8
1.8
3.3
Margat
withdrawal
1994
 
0.58
 
1.89
2.34
2.95
       
Margat
withdrawal
1995
0.74
 
1.07
1.9
2.3
3.0
       
IrrNE
withdrawal
1997
         
3.08
 
IrAf
withdrawal
1995
         
3.08
        

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Margat, 1990 – Prospects for Water Resourcesand Needs in the Mediterranean Countries, 1990. Contributions of the “Plan Blue”. J. Margat. Paris: EC.

Margat, 1994 - Water use in the World Present and Future., 1994. J.Margat. Paris: UNESCO.

Margat. 1995 - Prospective des Penuries d’Eau au Maghreb. J. Margat., Colloque intern. Rabat.

IrrNE – Irrigation in the Near East Region in Figures. 1997. Water Report 9. Rome: FAO.

IrAf – Irrigation in Africa in figures, 1995. Extract from report 7. Rome: FAO.