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Israel

Dynamics of water use in Israel by estimates of SHI (1998)

 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln *
2.11
2.89
3.88
4.64
5.6
6.0
6.8
7.7
Irrigation area, th.ha **
 
168
203
206
       
Irrigation area, th.ha ***
136
172
203
206
193
     
GNP, $US per capita ****
    
9565
11234
       
Water withdrawal, km 3
1.3
1.6
1.8
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.1
2.3
Water consumption, km 3
0.8
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

Water use of Israel (km 3 /year) by data of different authors

author
 
year
1958
1964
1969
1973
1980
1986
1990
2000 1)
2000 2)
2025 1)
2025 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
           
1.98
       
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
         
1.9
         
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
           
1.8
       
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
           
1.92
   
3.4
3.1
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
           
2.05
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
         
1.9
         
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
           
1.9
       
Margat
withdrawal
1990
         
1.9
 
1.7
2.0
1.6
1.9
Margat
consumption
1990
 
1.1
1.26
1.05
1.3
EnvInd
withdrawal
1992
         
1.8
         
Waldmann
withdrawal
1984
       
1.8
           
Buras, Darr
withdrawal
1992
1.27
1.33
1.56
1.56
             

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Margat, 1990 – Prospects for Water Resourcesand Needs in the Mediterranean Countries, 1990. Contributions of the “Plan Blue”. J. Margat. Paris: EC.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.

Waldmann - Water management in Israel. Waldmann, M. 1984. Monogr. Virol., vol.15.

Buras, Darr - An Evaluation of Marginal Waters as a Natural Resource in Israel. Buras N., Darr P., 1979. Water Resour. Res. vol.15. n6.