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France

Dynamics of water use in France by estimates of SHI (1998)


 
 
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                 
Popultion, mln *
45.7
50.8
53.9
56.7
57.8
58.5
59.8
60.5
Irrigation area, th.ha **
 
543
900
1170
 
1400
1500
1400
Irrigation area, th.ha ***
360
539
870
1300
1500
     
GNP, $US per capita ****
               
Water withdrawal, km 3
14.9
23.5
33.6
35.6
36.7
37.7
40.0
42.2
Water consumption, km 3
4.6
5.4
8.2
9.8
10.0
10.5
10.5
12.0
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

 
 

Water use of France (km 3 /year) by data of different authors


 
author
 
year
1960
1970
1980
1985
1990
2000 1)
2000 2)
2025 1)
2025 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
       
34.4
       
WRI
withdrawal
1991-93
                 
WRI
withdrawal
1996-98
       
37.7
       
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
       
37.7
   
40.7
39.7
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
       
44.4
       
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
       
41.2
       
Env.Ind.
withdrawal
1992
     
40.0
         
Margat
withdrawal
1990
         
44
51
45
47
Margat
consumption
1990
         
8
10
10.5
13
Margat
withdrawal
1994
23
24
32
 
36
       

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.

Margat, 1990 – Prospects for Water Resourcesand Needs in the Mediterranean Countries, 1990. Contributions of the “Plan Blue”. J. Margat. Paris: EC.

Margat, 1994 - Water use in the World Present and Future., 1994. J.Margat. Paris: UNESCO.