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Canada

Dynamics of water use in Canada by estimates of SHI (1998)


 
 
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
1995
2000
2010
2025
                    
Popultion, mln *
13.7
17.9
21.3
24.5
27.4
28.8
30.2
33.0
37.3
Irrigation area, th.ha **
300
360
421
580
720
770
830
930
1100
GNP, $US per capita ***
   
3840
11040
19640
       
Water withdrawal, km 3
13.2
19.2
25.9
41.1
52
55.6
57.9
64.4
73.1
Water consumption, km 3
2.3
3.4
4.8
7.8
10.2
10.8
11.4
13.4
15.2
notes: * - Source: United Nations "Urban and Rural Areas 1950-2025, the 1995 Revision" (World Resources Institute data)
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO FAOSTAT 95 (World Resources Institute data); 1995 – 2025 - SHI forecast

*** - Source: World Bank World Tables 1994 update (World Resources Institute data)

Water use of Canada (km 3 /year) by data of different authors


 
author
 
year
1980
1981
1990
1991
2000
2011 1)
2011 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
   
41.2
       
WRI
withdrawal
1991-98
42.2
   
45.1
     
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
   
44.5
       
Margat
withdrawal
1994
       
67.2
   
Tate
withdrawal
1990
 
37.3
         
 
consumption
1990
 
3.9
         
Pearce
withdrawal
1986
 
37.9
     
84.5
48.0
 
consumption
1986
 
3.9
         
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
   
42.2
       

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – high estimates

2) – with account of conservation policies

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

Margat, 1994 - Water use in the World Present and Future., 1994. J.Margat. Paris: UNESCO.

Tate, D.M., Water Demand Management in Canada: A State-of0the-Art Rewiew. 1990. Soc.Sci.Ser. 23, Environment Canada, Ottawa.

Pearse, P.H., et al., Currents of Change. Final Report, Inquiry on Federal Water Policy. 1985. Canada, Ottawa.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.