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Australia

Dynamics of water use in Australia by estimates of SHI (1998)


 
  1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2010 2025
                 
Popultion, mln * 10.3 12.5 14.7 17.1 18.0 19.1 21.4 23.5
Irrigation area, th.ha ** 847 1476 1500 1900   2100 2250 2400
Irrigation area, th.ha *** 1001 1476 1500 1832 2317      
GNP, $US per capita ****   12360 14620 17290        
Water withdrawal, km 3 13.1 17.9 19.1 22.3 23.5 24.9 27.2 30.0
Water consumption, km 3 6.1 8.8 8.9 11.3 11.8 12.4 13.6 14.6
notes: * - Source: United Nations Organization
** - 1961-1993 Source: FAO Production Yearbook, 1965-1994. Rome: FAO; 1995 – 2025 - SHI 1995 forecast

*** - Source: Gleick, 1998

**** - Source: World Bank / IMF – International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1980-1994. N.Y.: World Bank/IMF

 
 

Water use of Australia (km 3 /year) by data of different authors


 
author
 
year
1975
1976
1980
1985
1990
1995
2025 1)
2025 2)
IIASA
withdrawal
1993
       
22.3
     
WRI
withdrawal
1993
17.8
             
WRI
withdrawal
1997-98
     
14.6
       
WWDS
withdrawal
1998
       
15.8
 
23.5
23.3
UNSY
withdrawal
1992
       
21.9
     
Gleick
withdrawal
1993
17.8
             
Gleick
withdrawal
1998
     
14.6
       
S&N
withdrawal
1998
         
24.0
   
Env.Ind
withdrawal
1992
   
17.6
         

notes: all estimates include water use for agriculture, industrial & domestic needs;

1) – scenario 1

2) – scenario 2

IIASA – Kulshreshtha S.N., 1993. World Water Resources & Regional Vulnerability: impact of future changes. Luxenburg: IIASA.

WRI – World Resources (1991-1992, 1992-1993, 1994, 1996, 1997-1998 ) – N.Y.: Oxford Univ. Press.

WWDS – World Water Resources. Demand & Supply: 1990 to 2025., 1998. Scenarious & Issues. Colombo:IWMI.

UNSY – United National Statistical Yearbook 1992, 39, 1993– N.Y..:UN.

Gleick, 1993 - Water in Crisis. A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, 1993. Edited by P. Gleick. N.Y. Oxford Univ.Press.

Gleick, 1998 - The World’s Water. The Beneficial Report on Freshwater Resources 1998-1999, 1998, Peter Gleick, Washington, D.C. Covello, California.

S&N - Sources and Nature of Water Quality Problems in Asia and the Pacific. 1998.N.Y.: ESCAP.

Env.Ind. – Environmental Indicators, 1992. In depth analyses of individual indicators: intensity of use of water resources. Paris, OECD.